Atherosclerosis
Volume 199, Issue 2 , Pages 408-414 , August 2008

Paraoxonase (PON1) and the risk for coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction in a general population of Dutch women

  • Thomas M. van Himbergen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
    • Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
  • ,
  • Yvonne T. van der Schouw

      Affiliations

    • Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Hieronymus A.M. Voorbij

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Lambertus J.H. van Tits

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Anton F.H. Stalenhoef

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Petra H.M. Peeters

      Affiliations

    • Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Mark Roest

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Received 22 July 2007 ,Revised 2 November 2007 ,Accepted 15 November 2007.

References 

  1. Draganov DI, Teiber JF, Speelman A, Osawa Y, Sunahara R, La Du BN. Human paraoxonases (PON1, PON2, and PON3) are lactonases with overlapping and distinct substrate specificities. J Lipid Res. 2005;46:1239–1247
  2. Humbert R, Adler DA, Disteche CM, Hassett C, Omiecinski CJ, Furlong CE. The molecular basis of the human serum paraoxonase activity polymorphism. Nat Genet. 1993;3:73–76
  3. Davies HG, Richter RJ, Keifer M, Broomfield CA, Sowalla J, Furlong CE. The effect of the human serum paraoxonase polymorphism is reversed with diazoxon, soman and sarin. Nat Genet. 1996;14:334–336
  4. Shih DM, Gu L, Xia YR, et al. Mice lacking serum paraoxonase are susceptible to organophosphate toxicity and atherosclerosis. Nature. 1998;394:284–287
  5. Ng CJ, Shih DM, Hama SY, Villa N, Navab M, Reddy ST. The paraoxonase gene family and atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2005;38:153–163
  6. Adkins S, Gan KN, Mody M, La Du BN. Molecular basis for the polymorphic forms of human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase: glutamine or arginine at position 191, for the respective A or B allozymes. Am J Hum Genet. 1993;52:598–608
  7. Brophy VH, Jampsa RL, Clendenning JB, McKinstry LA, Jarvik GP, Furlong CE. Effects of 5′ regulatory-region polymorphisms on paraoxonase-gene (PON1) expression. Am J Hum Genet. 2001;68:1428–1436
  8. Kujiraoka T, Oka T, Ishihara M, et al. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human serum paraoxonase concentration. J Lipid Res. 2000;41:1358–1363
  9. Eckerson HW, Wyte CM, La Du BN. The human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase polymorphism. Am J Hum Genet. 1983;35:1126–1138
  10. Richter RJ, Furlong CE. Determination of paraoxonase (PON1) status requires more than genotyping. Pharmacogenetics. 1999;9:745–753
  11. Costa LG, Cole TB, Jarvik GP, Furlong CE. Functional genomic of the paraoxonase (PON1) polymorphisms: effects on pesticide sensitivity, cardiovascular disease, and drug metabolism. Annu Rev Med. 2003;54:371–392
  12. Wheeler JG, Keavney BD, Watkins H, Collins R, Danesh J. Four paraoxonase gene polymorphisms in 11212 cases of coronary heart disease and 12786 controls: meta-analysis of 43 studies. Lancet. 2004;363:689–695
  13. Nishio E, Watanabe Y. Cigarette smoke extract inhibits plasma paraoxonase activity by modification of the enzyme's free thiols. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997;236:289–293
  14. James RW, Leviev I, Righetti A. Smoking is associated with reduced serum paraoxonase activity and concentration in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2000;101:2252–2257
  15. van der Gaag MS, van Tol A, Scheek LM, et al. Daily moderate alcohol consumption increases serum paraoxonase activity; a diet-controlled, randomised intervention study in middle-aged men. Atherosclerosis. 1999;147:405–410
  16. Mackness B, Davies GK, Turkie W, et al. Paraoxonase status in coronary heart disease: are activity and concentration more important than genotype?. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21:1451–1457
  17. Mackness M, Mackness B. Paraoxonase 1 and atherosclerosis: is the gene or the protein more important?. Free Radic Biol Med. 2004;37:1317–1323
  18. Jarvik GP, Rozek LS, Brophy VH, et al. Paraoxonase (PON1) phenotype is a better predictor of vascular disease than is PON1(192) or PON1(55) genotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20:2441–2447
  19. Mackness B, Durrington P, McElduff P, et al. Low paraoxonase activity predicts coronary events in the Caerphilly prospective study. Circulation. 2003;107:2775–2779
  20. Troughton JA, Woodside JV, Yarnell JW, et al. Paraoxonase activity and coronary heart disease risk in healthy middle-aged males: the PRIME study. Atherosclerosis 2007
  21. Boker LK, van Noord PA, van der Schouw YT, et al. Prospect-EPIC Utrecht: study design and characteristics of the cohort population. European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Eur J Epidemiol. 2001;17:1047–1053
  22. van der AD, Marx JJ, Grobbee DE, et al. Non-transferrin-bound iron and risk of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Circulation. 2006;113:1942–1949
  23. Herings RM, Bakker A, Stricker BH, Nap G. Pharmaco-morbidity linkage: a feasibility study comparing morbidity in two pharmacy based exposure cohorts. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1992;46:136–140
  24. Roest M, van Himbergen TM, Barendrecht AB, Peeters PH, van der Schouw YT, Voorbij HA. Genetic and environmental determinants of the PON-1 phenotype. Eur J Clin Invest. 2007;37:187–196
  25. Prentice RL. A case-cohort design for epidemiologic cohort studies and disease prevention trials. Biometrika. 1986;73:1–11
  26. Barlow WE, Ichikawa L, Rosner D, Izumi S. Analysis of case-cohort designs. J Clin Epidemiol. 1999;52:1165–1172
  27. Aviram M, Billecke S, Sorenson R, et al. Paraoxonase active site required for protection against LDL oxidation involves its free sulfhydryl group and is different from that required for its arylesterase/paraoxonase activities: selective action of human paraoxonase allozymes Q and R. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:1617–1624
  28. Mackness B, Mackness MI, Arrol S, Turkie W, Durrington PN. Effect of the human serum paraoxonase 55 and 192 genetic polymorphisms on the protection by high density lipoprotein against low density lipoprotein oxidative modification. FEBS Lett. 1998;423:57–60
  29. Aviram M, Hardak E, Vaya J, et al. Human serum paraoxonases (PON1) Q and R selectively decrease lipid peroxides in human coronary and carotid atherosclerotic lesions: PON1 esterase and peroxidase-like activities. Circulation. 2000;101:2510–2517
  30. Khersonsky O, Tawfik DS. Structure-reactivity studies of serum paraoxonase PON1 suggest that its native activity is lactonase. Biochemistry. 2005;44:6371–6382
  31. Harel M, Aharoni A, Gaidukov L, et al. Structure and evolution of the serum paraoxonase family of detoxifying and anti-atherosclerotic enzymes. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2004;11:412–419
  32. Khersonsky O, Tawfik DS. The histidine 115-histidine 134 dyad mediates the lactonase activity of mammalian serum paraoxonases. J Biol Chem. 2006;281:7649–7656
  33. Ferre N, Camps J, Fernandez-Ballart J, et al. Regulation of serum paraoxonase activity by genetic, nutritional, and lifestyle factors in the general population. Clin Chem. 2003;49:1491–1497
  34. Rios DL, D’Onofrio LO, Cerqueira CC, et al. Paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms in angiographically assessed coronary artery disease: evidence for gender interaction among Brazilians. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2007;45:874–878
  35. Beer S, Moren X, Ruiz J, James RW. Postprandial modulation of serum paraoxonase activity and concentration in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2006;16:457–465
  36. Cabana VG, Reardon CA, Feng N, Neath S, Lukens J, Getz GS. Serum paraoxonase: effect of the apolipoprotein composition of HDL and the acute phase response. J Lipid Res. 2003;44:780–792
  37. Feingold KR, Memon RA, Moser AH, Grunfeld C. Paraoxonase activity in the serum and hepatic mRNA levels decrease during the acute phase response. Atherosclerosis. 1998;139:307–315
  38. Van Lenten BJ, Wagner AC, Nayak DP, Hama S, Navab M, Fogelman AM. High-density lipoprotein loses its anti-inflammatory properties during acute influenza a infection. Circulation. 2001;103:2283–2288
  39. Van Lenten BJ, Hama SY, de Beer FC, et al. Anti-inflammatory HDL becomes pro-inflammatory during the acute phase response. Loss of protective effect of HDL against LDL oxidation in aortic wall cell cocultures. J Clin Invest. 1995;96:2758–2767
  40. Steinberg D. Atherogenesis in perspective: hypercholesterolemia and inflammation as partners in crime. Nat Med. 2002;8:1211–1217
  41. Shah PK. Mechanisms of plaque vulnerability and rupture. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:15S–22S
  42. van Himbergen TM, Roest M, de Graaf J, et al. Indications that paraoxonase-1 contributes to plasma high density lipoprotein levels in familial hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res. 2005;46:445–451
  43. van Himbergen TM, van Tits LJ, Hectors MP, de Graaf J, Roest M, Stalenhoef AF. Paraoxonase-1 and linoleic acid oxidation in familial hypercholesterolemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;333:787–793
  44. Mertens A, Holvoet P. Oxidized LDL and HDL: antagonists in atherothrombosis. Faseb J. 2001;15:2073–2084

PII: S0021-9150(07)00739-3

doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.018

Atherosclerosis
Volume 199, Issue 2 , Pages 408-414 , August 2008