Atherosclerosis
Volume 202, Issue 1 , Pages 29-31 , January 2009

Carotid intima-media thickness is increased in patients with spinal cord injury independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors

  • Wilson Nadruz Jr.

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária “Zefferino Vaz”, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Tel.: +55 19 3521 7836; fax: +55 19 3521 7836.

Received 1 April 2008

References 

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  2. Yekutiel M, Brooks ME, Ohry A, Yarom J, Carel R. The prevalence of hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and diabetes in traumatic spinal cord injured patients and amputees. Paraplegia. 1989;27:58–62
  3. Demirel S, Demirel G, Tukek T, Erk O, Yilmaz H. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients with spinal cord injury in Turkey. Spinal Cord. 2001;39:134–138
  4. Carvalho DC, de Cássia Zanchetta M, Sereni JM, Cliquet A. Metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses of tetraplegic subjects during treadmill walking using neuromuscular electrical stimulation and partial body weight support. Spinal Cord. 2005;43:400–405
  5. Pignoli P, Tremoli E, Poli A, Oreste P, Paoletti R. Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: a direct measurement with ultrasound imaging. Circulation. 1986;74:1399–1406
  6. Lorenz MW, Markus HS, Bots ML, Rosvall M, Sitzer M. Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2007;115:459–467
  7. Howard G, Sharrett AR, Heiss G, et al. Carotid artery intimal-medial thickness distribution in general populations as evaluated by B-mode ultrasound. ARIC Investigators. Stroke. 1993;24:1297–1304
  8. Lee CS, Lu YS, Lee ST, Lin CC, Ding HJ. Evaluating the prevalence of silent coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with spinal cord injury. Int Heart J. 2006;47:325–330
  9. Orakzai SH, Orakzai RH, Ahmadi N, et al. Measurement of coronary artery calcification by electron beam computerized tomography in persons with chronic spinal cord injury: evidence for increased atherosclerotic burden. Spinal Cord. 2007;45:775–779
  10. Bauman WA, Raza M, Chayes Z, Machac J. Tomographic thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging after intravenous dipyridamole in asymptomatic subjects with quadriplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74:740–744
  11. Wang TD, Wang YH, Huang TS, et al. Circulating levels of markers of inflammation and endothelial activation are increased in men with chronic spinal cord injury. J Formos Med Assoc. 2007;106:919–928

PII: S0021-9150(08)00253-0

doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.013

Atherosclerosis
Volume 202, Issue 1 , Pages 29-31 , January 2009

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