Atherosclerosis
Volume 204, Issue 2 , Pages 580-585 , June 2009

Relation between epicardial fat thickness and coronary flow reserve in women with chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries

  • Leyla Elif Sade

      Affiliations

    • University of Başkent, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Başkent Üniversitesi Kardiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Cardiology, 10. sok No. 45 Bahcelievler, 06490 Ankara, Turkey. Tel.: +90 532 474 4998; fax: +90 312 223 8697.
    • ,
  • Serpil Eroglu

      Affiliations

    • University of Başkent, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
    • ,
  • Hüseyin Bozbaş

      Affiliations

    • University of Başkent, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
    • ,
  • Süleyman Özbiçer

      Affiliations

    • University of Başkent, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
    • ,
  • Mutlu Hayran

      Affiliations

    • University of Hacettepe, Faculty of Medicine, Epidemiology, Research Office, Ankara, Turkey
    • ,
  • Ayşegül Haberal

      Affiliations

    • University of Başkent, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
    • ,
  • Haldun Müderrisoğlu

      Affiliations

    • University of Başkent, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey

Received 17 July 2008 ,Revised 11 September 2008 ,Accepted 28 September 2008.

References 

  1. Diamond GA, Staniloff HM, Forrester JS, Pollock BH, Swan HJ. Computer-assisted diagnosis in the noninvasive evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983;1(2 Pt 1):444–455
  2. Reis SE, Holubkov R, Conrad Smith AJ, et al. Coronary microvascular dysfunction is highly prevalent in women with chest pain in the absence of coronary artery disease: results from the NHLBI WISE study. Am Heart J. 2001;141:735–741
  3. Cannon RO, Epstein SE. “Microvascular angina” as a cause of chest pain with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol. 1988;61:1338–1343
  4. Iacobellis G, Assael F, Ribaudo MC, et al. Epicardial fat from echocardiography: a new method for visceral adipose tissue prediction. Obes Res. 2003;11:304–310
  5. Eroglu S, Sade E, Yildirir A, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue thickness by echocardiography is marker for the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; in press, doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2008.05.002.
  6. Iacobellis G, Pellicelli AM, Sharma AM, Grisorio B, Barbarini G, Barbaro G. Relation of subepicardial adipose tissue to carotid intima-media thickness in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:1470–1472
  7. Iacobellis G, Ribaudo MC, Assael F, et al. Echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue is related to anthropometric and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome: a new indicator of cardiovascular risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:5163–5168
  8. Mazurek T, Zhang L, Zalewski A, et al. Human epicardial adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators. Circulation. 2003;108:2460–2466
  9. Miyata K, Shimokawa H, Kandabashi T, et al. Rho-kinase is involved in macrophage-mediated formation of coronary vascular lesions in pigs in vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20:2351–2358
  10. Shimokawa H, Ito A, Fukumoto Y, et al. Chronic treatment with interleukin-1 beta induces coronary intimal lesions and vasospastic responses in pigs in vivo. The role of platelet-derived growth factor. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:769–776
  11. Chaowalit N, Somers VK, Pellikka PA, Rihal CS, Lopez-Jimenez F. Subepicardial adipose tissue and the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 2006;186:354–359
  12. Iacobellis G, Corradi D, Sharma AM. Epicardial adipose tissue: anatomic, biomolecular and clinical relationships with the heart. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2005;2:536–543
  13. Camici PG, Crea F. Coronary microvascular dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:830–840
  14. Kaufmann PA, Camici PG. Myocardial blood flow measurement by PET: technical aspects and clinical applications. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:75–88
  15. Baumgart D, Haude M, Liu F, Ge J, Goerge G, Erbel R. Current concepts of coronary flow reserve for clinical decision making during cardiac catheterization. Am Heart J. 1998;136:136–149
  16. Saraste M, Koskenvuo J, Knuuti J, et al. Coronary flow reserve: measurement with transthoracic Doppler echocardiography is reproducible and comparable with positron emission tomography. Clin Physiol. 2001;21:114–122
  17. Hozumi T, Yoshida K, Akasaka T, et al. Noninvasive assessment of coronary flow velocity and coronary flow velocity reserve in the left anterior descending coronary artery by Doppler echocardiography: comparison with invasive technique. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:1251–1259
  18. Erdogan D, Yildirim I, Ciftci O, et al. Effects of normal blood pressure, prehypertension, and hypertension on coronary microvascular function. Circulation. 2007;115:593–599
  19. Bugiardini R, Manfrini O, Pizzi C, Fontana F, Morgagni G. Endothelial function predicts future development of coronary artery disease: a study of women with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms. Circulation. 2004;109:2518–2523
  20. Bonora E, Micciolo R, Ghiatas AA, et al. Is it possible to derive a reliable estimate of human visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue from simple anthropometric measurements?. Metabolism. 1995;44:1617–1625
  21. Rabkin SW. Epicardial fat: properties, function and relationship to obesity. Obes Rev. 2007;8:253–261
  22. Marchington JM, Mattacks CA, Pond CM. Adipose tissue in the mammalian heart and pericardium: structure, foetal development and biochemical properties. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1989;94:225–232
  23. Engeli S, Schling P, Gorzelniak K, et al. The adipose-tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: role in the metabolic syndrome?. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2003;35:807–825
  24. Sacks HS, Fain JN. Human epicardial adipose tissue: a review. Am Heart J. 2007;153:907–917
  25. Iacobellis G, Pistilli D, Gucciardo M, et al. Adiponectin expression in human epicardial adipose tissue in vivo is lower in patients with coronary artery disease. Cytokine. 2005;29:251–255
  26. Baker AR, Silva NF, Quinn DW, et al. Human epicardial adipose tissue expresses a pathogenic profile of adipocytokines in patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2006;5:1–7
  27. Löhn M, Dubrovska G, Lauterbach B, Luft FC, Gollasch M, Sharma AM. Periadventitial fat releases a vascular relaxing factor. FASEB J. 2002;16:1057–1063
  28. Wang HD, Pagano PJ, Du Y, et al. Superoxide anion from the adventitia of the rat thoracic aorta inactivates nitric oxide. Circ Res. 1998;82:810–818
  29. Bøtker HE, Møller N, Ovesen P, et al. Insulin resistance in microvascular angina (syndrome X). Lancet. 1993;342:136–140
  30. Cosín-Sales J, Pizzi C, Brown S, Kaski JC. C-reactive protein, clinical presentation, and ischemic activity in patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:1468–1474
  31. Date H, Imamura T, Ideguchi T, et al. Adiponectin produced in coronary circulation regulates coronary flow reserve in nondiabetic patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Clin Cardiol. 2006;29:211–214

☆ This study was presented at the European Society of Atherosclerosis Congress 2008.

PII: S0021-9150(08)00705-3

doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.09.038

Atherosclerosis
Volume 204, Issue 2 , Pages 580-585 , June 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution