Atherosclerosis
Volume 204, Issue 2 , Pages 586-589 , June 2009

Human immunodeficiency virus per se exerts atherogenic effects

  • Ugo Oliviero

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
    • ,
  • Giovanni Bonadies

      Affiliations

    • Department of Infectious Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
    • ,
  • Valentina Apuzzi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
    • ,
  • Maria Foggia

      Affiliations

    • Department of Infectious Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
    • ,
  • Giorgio Bosso

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
    • ,
  • Salvatore Nappa

      Affiliations

    • Department of Infectious Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
    • ,
  • Antonio Valvano

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
    • ,
  • Enrico Leonardi

      Affiliations

    • National Cancer Institute, G. Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy
    • ,
  • Guglielmo Borgia

      Affiliations

    • Department of Infectious Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
    • ,
  • Giuseppe Castello

      Affiliations

    • National Cancer Institute, G. Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy
    • ,
  • Raffaele Napoli

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
    • ,
  • Luigi Saccà

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Department of Internal Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy. Tel.: +39 0817463519; fax: +39 0817463199.

Received 7 August 2008 ,Revised 8 October 2008 ,Accepted 14 October 2008.

References 

  1. Palella FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:853–860
  2. Holmberg SD, Moorman AC, Williamson JM, et al. Protease inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HIV-1. Lancet. 2002;360:1747–1748
  3. Schneider MF, Gange SJ, Williams CM, et al. Patterns of the hazard of death after AIDS through the evolution of antiretroviral therapy: 1984–2004. AIDS. 2005;18:2009–2018
  4. Bozzette SA, Ake CF, Tam HK, Chang SW, Louis TA. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients treated for human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:702–710
  5. Friis-Moller N, Sabin CA, Weber R, et al. Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1993–2003
  6. d’Arminio A, Sabin CA, Phillips AN, et al. Cardio- and cerebrovascular events in HIV-infected persons. AIDS. 2004;18:1811–1817
  7. van Wijk JP, de Koning EJ, Cabezas MC, et al. Functional and structural markers of atherosclerosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1117–1123
  8. Dhawan S, Puri RK, Kumar A, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus-1-tat protein induces the cell surface expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human endothelial cells. Blood. 1997;90:1535–1544
  9. Park IW, Ullrich CK, Schoenberger E, Ganju RK, Groopman JE. HIV-1 Tat induces microvascular endothelial apoptosis trough caspase activation. J Immunol. 2001;167:2766–2771
  10. Oliviero U, Orefice G, Coppola G, et al. Carotid atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke in young patients. Int Angiol. 2002;21:117–122
  11. De Groot E, Hovingh K, Wiegman A, et al. Measurement of arterial wall thickness as a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2004;109:33–38
  12. Corretti MC, Anderson TJ, Benjamin EJ, et al. Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery: a report of the international brachial artery reactivity task force. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:257–265
  13. Stein JH, Klein MA, Bellehumeur JL, et al. Use of human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors is associated with atherogenic lipoprotein changes and endothelial dysfunction. Circulation. 2001;104:257–262
  14. Hsue PY, Lo JC, Franklin A, et al. Progression of atherosclerosis as assessed by carotid intima–media thickness in patients with HIV infection. Circulation. 2004;109:1603–1608
  15. Blum A, Hadas V, Burke M, Yust I, Kessler A. Viral load of the human immunodeficiency virus could be an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Clin Cardiol. 2005;28:149–153
  16. Charakida M, Donald AE, Green H, et al. Early structural and functional changes of the vasculature in HIV-infected children. Circulation. 2005;112:103–109

PII: S0021-9150(08)00746-6

doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.012

Atherosclerosis
Volume 204, Issue 2 , Pages 586-589 , June 2009

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