Atherosclerosis
Volume 205, Issue 1 , Pages 302-308 , July 2009

Circulating TNFα levels in older men and women do not show independent prospective relations with MI or stroke

  • Barbara J. Jefferis

      Affiliations

    • UCL Department Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: British Regional Heart Study, UCL Department Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free & University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK. Tel.: +44 207 830 2230; fax: +44 20 7794 1224.
  • ,
  • Peter H. Whincup

      Affiliations

    • Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's, University of London, UK
  • ,
  • Paul Welsh

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
  • ,
  • S. Goya Wannamethee

      Affiliations

    • UCL Department Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK
  • ,
  • Ann Rumley

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
  • ,
  • Lucy T. Lennon

      Affiliations

    • UCL Department Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK
  • ,
  • Andrew G. Thomson

      Affiliations

    • UCL Department Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK
  • ,
  • Claire Carson

      Affiliations

    • Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
  • ,
  • Shah Ebrahim

      Affiliations

    • Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
  • ,
  • Gordon D.O. Lowe

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK

Received 1 October 2008 ,Revised 20 November 2008 ,Accepted 1 December 2008.

References 

  1. Packard RR, Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis: from vascular biology to biomarker discovery and risk prediction. Clin Chem. 2008;54:24–38
  2. Danesh J, Wheeler JG, Hirschfield GM, et al. C-reactive protein and other circulating markers of inflammation in the prediction of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1387–1397
  3. Danesh J, Whincup P, Walker M, et al. Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses. BMJ. 2000;321:199–204
  4. Di NM, Schwaninger M, Cappelli R, et al. Evaluation of C-reactive protein measurement for assessing the risk and prognosis in ischemic stroke: a statement for health care professionals from the CRP Pooling Project members. Stroke. 2005;36:1316–1329
  5. Danesh J, Kaptoge S, Mann AG, et al. Long-term interleukin-6 levels and subsequent risk of coronary heart disease: two new prospective studies and a systematic review. PLoS Med. 2008;5:e78
  6. Kaartinen M, Penttila A, Kovanen PT. Mast cells in rupture-prone areas of human coronary atheromas produce and store TNF-alpha. Circulation. 1996;94:2787–2792
  7. Kleemann R, Zadelaar S, Kooistra T. Cytokines and atherosclerosis: a comprehensive review of studies in mice. Cardiovasc Res. 2008;79:360–376
  8. Popa C, Netea MG, van Riel PLCM, et al. The role of TNF-{alpha} in chronic inflammatory conditions, intermediary metabolism, and cardiovascular risk. J Lipid Res. 2007;48:751–762
  9. Libby P. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:456S–460S
  10. Skoog T, Dichtl W, Boquist S, et al. Plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha and early carotid atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged men. Eur Heart J. 2002;23:376–383
  11. Cesari M, Penninx BWJH, Newman AB, et al. Inflammatory markers and onset of cardiovascular events: results from the Health ABC Study. Circulation. 2003;108:2317–2322
  12. Tuomisto K, Jousilahti P, Sundvall J, et al. C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha as predictors of incident coronary and cardiovascular events and total mortality. A population-based, prospective study. Thromb Haemost. 2006;95:511–518
  13. Sukhija R, Fahdi I, Garza L, et al. Inflammatory markers, angiographic severity of coronary artery disease, and patient outcome. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:879–884
  14. Kilic T, Ural D, Ural E, et al. Relation between proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios and long-term prognosis in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. Heart. 2006;92:1041–1046
  15. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer M, et al. Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and increased risk of recurrent coronary events after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2000;101:2149–2153
  16. Welsh P, Lowe GD, Chalmers J, et al. Associations of proinflammatory cytokines with the risk of recurrent stroke. Stroke. 2008;39:2226–2230
  17. Stott DJ, Welsh P, Rumley A, et al. Adipocytokines and risk of stroke in older people: a nested case–control study. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;
  18. Walker M, Whincup PH, Shaper AG. The British Regional Heart Study 1975–2004. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33:1185–1192
  19. Lawlor DA, Bedford C, Taylor M, et al. Geographical variation in cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and their control in older women: British Women's Heart and Health Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003;57:134–140
  20. World Health Organization Expert Committee. Hypertension and coronary heart disease: classification and criteria for epidemiological studies. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1959. Report No.: 168.
  21. Wannamethee SG, Lowe GD, Whincup PH, et al. Physical activity and hemostatic and inflammatory variables in elderly men. Circulation. 2002;105:1785–1790
  22. Emberson JR, Whincup PH, Morris RW, et al. Extent of regression dilution for established and novel coronary risk factors: results from the British Regional Heart Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004;11:125–134
  23. Rosner B, Spiegelman D, Willett WC. Correction of logistic regression relative risk estimates and confidence intervals for random within-person measurement error. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136:1400–1413
  24. Welsh P, Woodward M, Rumley A, et al. Associations of plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines, fibrinogen, viscosity and C-reactive protein with cardiovascular risk factors and social deprivation: the fourth Glasgow MONICA study. Br J Haematol. 2008;141:852–861
  25. Borst SE. The role of TNF-alpha in insulin resistance. Endocrine. 2004;23:177–182
  26. Hotamisligil GS, Arner P, Caro JF, et al. Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:2409–2415
  27. Shai I, Schulze MB, Manson JE, et al. A prospective study of soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor II (sTNF-RII) and risk of coronary heart disease among women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1376–1382
  28. Bennet AM, van Maarle MC, Hallqvist J, et al. Association of TNF-[alpha] serum levels and TNFA promoter polymorphisms with risk of myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis. 2006;187:408–414
  29. Walker MK, Whincup PH, Shaper AG, et al. Validation of patient recall of doctor-diagnosed heart attack and stroke: a postal questionnaire and record review comparison. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;148:355–361
  30. Uhlar CM, Grehan S, Steel DM, et al. Use of the acute phase serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) gene promoter in the analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators: differential kinetics of SAA2 promoter induction by IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha compared to IL-6. J Immunol Methods. 1997;203:123–130

PII: S0021-9150(08)00845-9

doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.12.001

Atherosclerosis
Volume 205, Issue 1 , Pages 302-308 , July 2009