Leukocyte telomere length is associated with HDL cholesterol levels: The Bogalusa heart study☆
Received 21 November 2008; received in revised form 14 January 2009; accepted 14 January 2009. published online 24 February 2009.
Abstract
Objective
This study examined the relationships of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with LTL and the rate of its shortening.
Background
Diminished levels of HDL-C are associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis. Shortened leukocyte telomere length (LTL) also entails an increased atherosclerotic risk.
Methods
We studied 472 Whites and 190 African Americans (AfAs) enrolled in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Subjects were examined serially 3–13 times for HDL-C over an average period of 27.8 years from childhood through young adulthood. LTL was measured twice during adulthood at a mean age of 31.5 years (baseline exam) and 37.8 years (follow-up exam). HDL-C trajectories with age were constructed and the area under the curve (AUC) was used as a measure of cumulative HDL-C levels.
Results
Multivariate regression analyses showed that LTL was positively associated with HDL-C in childhood (regression coefficient (bp per mg/dL) β=3.1, p=0.024), adulthood (β=4.4, p=0.058) and AUC from childhood to adulthood (β=12.2, p=0.0004) in the combined sample of AfAs and Whites. The association between LTL and HDL-C AUC was stronger in females (β=18.5, p<0.001) than in males (β=2.9, p=0.590) (difference in slopes p=0.037). A slower rate of LTL shortening per year was associated with higher HDL-C AUC in the total sample (p=0.033), adjusting for baseline LTL.
Conclusions
As HDL-C exerts anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and LTL registers the accruing burden of oxidative stress and inflammation, the association between HDL-C and LTL might be explained by the lifelong status of oxidative stress and inflammation.
aTulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University Health Sciences, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
bThe Center of Human Development and Aging, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
Corresponding author at: 1440 Canal Street, Room 1829, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States. Tel.: +1 504 988 7197; fax: +1 504 988 7194.
☆ The current study has been supported by the following grants: 0855082E from American Heart Association, HL-38844 from the National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, and AG16592 and AG020132 from the National Institute on Aging.
ABSTRACT