Abstract
Whether cardiorespiratory fitness relates to early subclinical atherosclerotic vascular
disease remains unknown. We investigated the relation of cardiorespiratory fitness
to coronary artery calcification (CAC) in 2373 African-American and White young adults
from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. We measured
cardiorespiratory fitness in 1985–1986 (baseline) using a symptom-limited exercise
test on a treadmill. Coronary calcium scores were measured in 2001–2002 (year 15)
using electron-beam or multi-detector computed tomography. CAC was classified as present
or absent, while cardiorespiratory fitness was classified as sex-specific low, moderate,
and high fitness categories. After adjustment for age, sex, race, clinical center,
education, cigarette smoking, waist girth, alcohol intake, physical activity, systolic
blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, diabetes mellitus, and fasting insulin,
baseline cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with prevalence of CAC
in young adults (P for trend = 0.03). The odds ratios of having CAC for persons in the moderately and highly fit
individuals were 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55–1.15) and 0.59 (95% CI,
0.36–0.97), respectively, as compared with the low-fit individuals. High levels of
cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with a lower risk of having coronary calcification
15 years later in African-American and White young adults.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 24, 2008
Accepted:
June 13,
2008
Received in revised form:
June 2,
2008
Received:
July 12,
2007
Identification
Copyright
© 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
