Highlights
- •This large-scale cohort indicates that MetS and its components predict NAFLD risk.
- •Males with MetS or its components have higher NAFLD risk than Females.
- •The more of MetS component number, the greater of NAFLD risk in the future.
- •Patients with obesity or/and hyperlipidemia have a higher NAFLD risk than others.
- •People with MetS/its components should initiate lifestyle changes to prevent NAFLD.
Abstract
Objectives
To explore the longitudinal effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components
on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to evaluate the
significance of MetS and its components as early markers of NAFLD risk in a northern
urban Han Chinese population.
Materials and methods
A total of 15,791 cohort members without NAFLD at baseline were included in the current
study between 2005 and 2011. The baseline characteristics of the cohort were compared
by MetS status at baseline and NAFLD status after follow-up. Cox proportional hazards
models were used to estimate the unadjusted or adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for development
of NAFLD among individuals with MetS compared with individuals without MetS at baseline.
Results
During 51,652 person-years of follow-up, 3913 (24.78%) new cases of NAFLD occurred
between 2005 and 2011. In the unadjusted model, the HR (95% confidence interval [CI])
for NAFLD was 2.51 (2.30, 2.73). After adjusting for gender, age, diet, smoking status,
and regular exercise, the HR was 1.94 (1.78, 2.13). Gender differences were observed,
with adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of 1.89 (1.71, 2.09) and 1.72 (1.43, 2.07) among males
and females, respectively. Compared with individuals without MetS components, the
HRs were 1.92 (1.76, 2.09), 2.64 (2.40, 2.90) and 3.51 (3.15, 3.91) for individuals
with one, two, or three or more MetS components, respectively. Moreover, participants
with obesity or hyperlipidemia had a higher risk of NAFLD than patients with hypertension
or hyperglycemia, with HRs of 2.03 (1.83, 2.25) for obesity, 1.94 (1.72, 2.19) for
hyperlipidemia, and 3.01 (2.68, 3.37) for these factors in combination.
Conclusion
The present study indicates that MetS and its components independently predict the
risk of NAFLD in a northern urban Han Chinese population and suggests that people
with MetS or its component should initiate lifestyle changes to prevent the development
of NAFLD.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 11, 2015
Accepted:
February 23,
2015
Received in revised form:
January 28,
2015
Received:
October 31,
2014
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
