Highlights
- •Body composition, lipid levels and lipid metabolism gene variants were assessed in South African women.
- •Associations between lipid metabolism gene variants and lipid levels were assessed.
- •Significant associations were only observed in black women.
- •LPL X variant and CETP B2 variant were associated with a better lipid profile in black women.
Abstract
Objective
Dyslipidaemia can lead to the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease
(CVD), however its prevalence has been shown to differ between ethnic groups in South
Africa (SA). Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate ethnic differences
in the association between serum lipid levels and polymorphisms within genes involved
in lipid metabolism in black and white SA women.
Methods
In a convenient sample of 234 white and 209 black SA women of Xhosa ancestry, body
composition (DXA) and fasting serum lipids were measured. Participants were genotyped
for the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP, rs708272, B1/B2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL, rs328, S/X), hepatic lipase (LIPC, rs1800588, C/T) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9, rs28362286, C/X) polymorphisms.
Results
Compared to white women, black women had lower concentrations of serum total cholesterol
(TC, P < 0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, P < 0.001), high density
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, P < 0.001) and triglycerides (TG, P < 0.001). There
were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequency distributions between
black and white women for the LPL S/X (P < 0.001), PCSK9 C679X (P = 0.002) and LIPC 514C/T (P < 0.001) polymorphisms. In black women only, there were genotype effects
on serum lipid levels. Specifically, women with the LPL SX genotype had lower TC and LDL-C and higher HDL-C concentrations than those with
the SS genotype and women with the CETP B2 allele had lower LDL-C concentrations than those with the B1B1 genotype.
Conclusion
Polymorphisms within the LPL and CETP genes were associated with a more protective lipid profile in black, but not white
SA women. This supports the hypothesis that the more favorable lipid profile of black
compared to white SA women is associated with polymorphisms in lipid metabolism genes,
specifically the LPL and CETP genes.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 21, 2015
Accepted:
March 18,
2015
Received in revised form:
March 17,
2015
Received:
September 12,
2014
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
