Highlights
- •Periodontitis was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis among Koreans.
- •Periodontitis was associated with peripheral arterial disease among Koreans.
- •Periodontal inflammation may contribute to atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Abstract
Background and aims
We aimed to evaluate the association of periodontitis with the development of early
atherosclerotic vascular disease in Korean adults.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1343 adults aged over 40 years were recruited
from a community-based cohort of Yangpyeong county, Korea, during the period 2010–2014.
Only dentate individuals were included in the study. Subclinical atherosclerosis (SA)
was defined as carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT)≥0.754 mm, as assessed bilaterally
by B-mode ultrasound. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was defined as ankle-brachial
index (ABI)≤1.0, as measured by Doppler. History of periodontitis was assessed by
measuring the radiographic alveolar bone loss (RABL) on a digital dental panorama
and was classified into three groups: normal, moderate and severe periodontitis (≥2
non-adjacent interproximal sites with RABL≥4 mm and 6 mm, respectively). The associations of periodontitis with SA and PAD were
evaluated by multivariable logistic regression analysis and analysis of covariance,
adjusted for age, sex, education level, tooth loss, smoking, drinking, exercise, obesity,
triglycerides, HDL, LDL, hs-CRP, diabetes and hypertension. Stratified analyses were
performed to identify specific risk groups.
Results
After controlling for confounders, severe periodontitis was associated with SA [adjusted
odds ratio (aOR) = 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–2.24] and PAD (aOR = 2.03;
95% CI: 1.05–3.93). These associations were highlighted in never-smokers. For increasing
severity of periodontitis, the adjusted mean cIMT increased (p = 0.011) while that of ABI decreased (p = 0.033).
Conclusions
Our data showed that periodontitis is a substantially important risk factor for atherosclerotic
vascular disease among Korean adults.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 13, 2016
Accepted:
July 12,
2016
Received in revised form:
July 6,
2016
Received:
June 13,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
