Highlights
- •Consuming tomato and tomato products is associated with potential beneficial effects to health.
- •Current evidence indicates that consuming tomato improves some blood lipids, blood pressure and endothelial function.
- •Tomato consumption may potentially reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality.
- •The effects of consuming tomato on novel biomarkers of vascular risk needs further investigation.
Abstract
Background and aims
Epidemiological evidence suggests an association between consumption of tomato products
or lycopene and lower risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Our aim was to evaluate
the state of the evidence from intervention trials on the effect of consuming tomato
products and lycopene on markers of cardiovascular (CV) function. We undertook a systematic
review and meta-analysis on the effect of supplementing tomato and lycopene on CV
risk factors.
Methods
Three databases including Medline, Web of science, and Scopus were searched from inception
to August 2016. Inclusion criteria were: intervention trials reporting effects of
tomato products and lycopene supplementation on CV risk factors among adult subjects
>18 years of age. The outcomes of interest included blood lipids (total-, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol,
triglycerides, oxidised-LDL), endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation (FMD),
pulse wave velocity (PWV)) and blood pressure (BP) inflammatory factors (CRP, IL-6)
and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1). Random-effects models were used to determine the
pooled effect sizes.
Results
Out of 1189 publications identified, 21 fulfilled inclusion criteria and were meta-analysed.
Overall, interventions supplementing tomato were associated with significant reductions
in LDL-cholesterol (−0.22 mmol/L; p = 0.006), IL-6 (standardised mean difference −0.25; p = 0.03), and improvements in FMD (2.53%; p = 0.01); while lycopene supplementation reduced systolic-BP (−5.66 mmHg; p = 0.002). No other outcome was significantly affected by these interventions.
Conclusions
The available evidence on the effects of tomato products and lycopene supplementation
on CV risk factors supports the view that increasing the intake of these has positive
effects on blood lipids, blood pressure and endothelial function. These results support
the development of promising individualised nutritional strategies involving tomatoes
to tackle CVD.
Keywords
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: January 14, 2017
Accepted:
January 12,
2017
Received in revised form:
December 7,
2016
Received:
November 2,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
