Highlights
- •Biglycan (BGN) is a recognized early initiator of atherosclerosis and inflammation.
- •Young smokers without cardiovascular risk factors precociously present atherosclerosis.
- •BGN expression is increased in young smokers.
- •After 1 year of smoke cessation BGN decreases; HDL-C, inflammatory markers, and cf-PWV are significantly improved.
- •This observation may add a piece in the puzzle of the vascular damaging induced by cigarette smoking.
Abstract
Background and aims
Young cigarette smokers may already present with early signs of vascular inflammation
and damage; biglycan (BGN) has been shown to play a critical role in the initiation
and progression of vascular lesions, also in young smokers. We investigated whether
after smoke cessation, monocyte BGN expression is reduced; moreover, we evaluated
any improvement of pro-atherogenic profile and arterial stiffness (AS), and their
relationship with BGN in abstinent smokers.
Methods
Two-hundred-fifty-one young people who had decided to quit smoking were enrolled;
of these, 71 had completed the 12-month observation period maintaining smoking abstinence.
At enrollment and 12 months later, we evaluated anthropometrics, laboratory profile,
carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT),
BGN expression.
Results
After 12-month smoke abstinence, we found a significant decrease in inflammatory markers
(Hs-CRP: −23.3%; fibrinogen: −11.8%; IL-6: −9.2%), and increased HDL-C levels (+9.3%);
blood pressure values were also slightly reduced. cf-PWV (−8.9%) appeared to be improved;
cIMT remained unchanged. BGN expression appeared to be reduced (−42.8% relative reduction).
BGN reduction appeared to be associated with fibrinogen reduction, and smoking burden.
Reduced cf-PWV appeared to be dependent on change in fibrinogen, SBP, IL-6, and BGN
by multiple regression analysis.
Conclusions
After the first year of smoke abstinence, the levels of IL-6, CRP, fibrinogen, HDL-C,
and BGN expression, as well cf-PWV, are significantly improved as compared to baseline.
This is the first evidence that removing exposure to a well-known cardiovascular risk
factor, such as cigarette smoking, leads to significant reduction of BGN expression.
Keywords
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: January 14, 2017
Accepted:
January 12,
2017
Received in revised form:
December 12,
2016
Received:
July 28,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
