Highlights
- •Incident ASCVD rates were higher in adults with diabetes/prediabetes than without.
- •Whites with diabetes/prediabetes and elevated Lp(a) had even greater ASCVD risk.
- •Adding Lp(a) to traditional risk factors improved ASCVD risk prediction.
- •Measuring Lp(a) may benefit ASCVD risk stratification in diabetes/prediabetes.
Abstract
Background and aims
Diabetes increases risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Current
guidelines do not recommend measuring lipoprotein(a), another ASCVD risk factor, in
these individuals. We examined the association of lipoprotein(a) levels with incident
ASCVD events in persons with and without diabetes or prediabetes.
Methods
Lipoprotein(a) and other ASCVD risk factors were measured at baseline (1996–1998)
in the biracial Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study; participants without prevalent
ASCVD (coronary heart disease or stroke) were monitored ∼15 years for incident ASCVD
events.
Results
Of 9871 eligible participants (mean age 63 years; 5816 women; 2155 African Americans),
1543 had diabetes and 3615 had prediabetes. Cumulative ASCVD incidence rates (event/1000-person
years) were higher in participants with diabetes (26%) or prediabetes (13%) than in
nondiabetic individuals (10%, p < 0.001). When comparing highest to lowest lipoprotein(a) categories (≥50 mg/dL vs. ≤10 mg/dL), increasing lipoprotein(a) levels were significantly associated with
increasing incident ASCVD events in Caucasian participants with prediabetes (hazard
ratio [HR] = 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.69); p = 0.03) and diabetes (HR = 1.42; 95% CI 1.10–1.84; p < 0.01), but not those with normal fasting blood glucose. Adding lipoprotein(a) to Pooled
Cohort Equation variables improved risk prediction in persons with diabetes (Δ in
area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.0087, net reclassification
index [NRI] 0.1761) and prediabetes (ΔAUC 0.0025, NRI 0.0938).
Conclusions
In this biracial cohort, elevated lipoprotein(a) levels in Caucasian individuals with
diabetes or prediabetes were associated with further increased ASCVD risk. Adding
lipoprotein(a) to traditional risk factors improved ASCVD risk prediction.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 29, 2018
Accepted:
December 14,
2018
Received in revised form:
November 19,
2018
Received:
July 12,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
