Highlights
- •Pro-inflammatory diet may be a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- •In adults, a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with cardiovascular phenotypes.
- •Associations in adults were seen for vascular function and microvascular structure.
- •There was little evidence of associations in children.
Abstract
Background and aims
Pro-inflammatory diet may be a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
We examine associations of two inflammatory diet scores with preclinical cardiovascular
phenotypes at two life course stages.
Methods
Participants: 1771 children (49% girls) aged 11–12 years and 1793 parents (87% mothers,
mean age 43.7 (standard deviation 5.2) years) in the Child Health CheckPoint Study.
Measures: 23 items in the Australian National Secondary Students' Diet and Activity
(NaSSDA) survey were used to derive two inflammatory diet scores based on: 1) published
evidence of associations with C-reactive protein (literature-derived score), and 2)
empirical associations with CheckPoint's inflammatory biomarker (glycoprotein acetyls,
GlycA-derived score). Cardiovascular phenotypes assessed vascular structure (carotid
intima-media thickness, retinal vessel calibre) and function (pulse wave velocity,
blood pressure). Analyses: Linear regression models were conducted, adjusted for age,
sex, socioeconomic position and child pubertal status, plus a sensitivity analysis
also including BMI (z-score for children).
Results
In adults, both inflammatory diet scores showed small associations with adverse cardiovascular
function and microvascular structure. Per standard deviation higher GlycA-derived
diet score, pulse wave velocity was 0.17 m/s faster (95% CI 0.11 to 0.22), mean arterial
pressure was 1.85 mmHg (1.34–2.37) higher, and retinal arteriolar calibre was 1.29 μm
narrower (−2.10 to −0.49). Adding BMI to models attenuated associations towards null.
There was little evidence of associations in children.
Conclusions
Our findings support cumulative adverse effects of a pro-inflammatory diet on preclinical
cardiovascular phenotypes across the life course. Associations evident by mid-life
were not present in childhood, when preventive measures should be instituted.
Graphical abstract
Graphical Abstract
Keywords
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: April 11, 2019
Accepted:
April 10,
2019
Received in revised form:
April 5,
2019
Received:
November 12,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
