Highlights
- •Changes in lipids would increase the predictive value of conventional risk factors.
- •Changes in lipids except triglyceride are related to myocardial infarction risk.
- •Early detection and control of lipids is also beneficial for young people.
Abstract
Background and aims
Although serum lipids are widely accepted as independent predictors of myocardial
infarction (MI), there is insufficient evidence for associations of changes in lipid
levels with MI. The present study aimed at investigating the associations between
changes in lipids and incidence of MI in people without lipid-lowering therapy.
Methods
64,031 Chinese participants (mean age: 53.42 ± 11.95 years) without previous MI were
enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into four categories based on
quartiles of lipid changes. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to calculate
hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MI.
Results
During a median follow-up of 7.03 years, 599 individuals developed MI. After adjustment
for covariates, increased total cholesterol (TC), increased low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (LDL-C), increased non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C),
and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were associated with elevated
risk of MI, with HRs (95% CIs) in the highest quartile group compared with the lowest
quartile group of 1.56 (1.21–2.01), 1.96 (1.49–2.57), 1.95 (1.52–2.50), and 0.69 (0.53–0.90),
respectively. However, changes in triglyceride (TG) were not associated with MI risk
(p = 0.8030).
Conclusions
Changes in levels of TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and HDL-C, but not TG, were associated
with risk of MI. Early detection and control of lipid levels may be beneficial and
necessary for young people and those with healthy lipid levels at baseline.
Graphical abstract
Graphical Abstract
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to AtherosclerosisAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- GLOBAL, regional, and national burden OF cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015.J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2017; 70: 1-25
- Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.Lancet (London, England). 2017; 390: 1211-1259
- Prevalence of cardiovascular medication on secondary prevention after myocardial infarction in China between 1995-2015: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS One. 2017; 12e0175947
- Association of elevated triglycerides and acute myocardial infarction in young Hispanics.Cardiovasc. Revascularization Med. : Mol. Interv. 2016; 17: 510-514
- Changes in cardiovascular health status and the risk of new-onset hypertension in kailuan cohort study.PloS One. 2016; 11 (e0158869)
- Association of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer in a Chinese male population.Int. J. Canc. 2018; 142: 1209-1217
- Association of extremely high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with cardiovascular mortality in a pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies including 43,407 individuals: the EPOCH-Japan study.J. Clin. Lipidol. 2018; 12 (e675): 674-684
- LDL triglycerides, hepatic lipase activity, and coronary artery disease: an epidemiologic and Mendelian randomization study.Atherosclerosis. 2019; 282: 37-44
- Correlation of triglycerides with myocardial infarction and analysis of risk factors for myocardial infarction in patients with elevated triglyceride.J. Thorac. Dis. 2018; 10: 2551-2557
- Effect of change in total cholesterol levels on cardiovascular disease among young adults.J. Am.Heart Assoc. 2018; 7
- Association of change in total cholesterol level with mortality: a population-based study.PloS One. 2018; 13 (e0196030)
- Statins for prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force.Jama. 2016; 316: 2008-2024
- Safety and efficacy of statin therapy.Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2018; 15: 757-769
- Correlation of compliance to statin therapy with lipid profile and serum HMGCoA reductase levels in dyslipidemic patients.Indian Heart J. 2017; 69: 6-10
- Change of kidney function is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases: results from the kailuan study.J. Am.Heart Assoc. 2018; 7e010596
- Longitudinal study of alcohol consumption and HDL concentrations: a community-based study.Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2017; 105: 905-912
- Myocardial infarction: symptoms and treatments.Cell Biochem. Biophys. 2015; 72: 865-867
- Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018).Global heart. 2018; 13: 305-338
- Lipid profile and incidence of atrial fibrillation: a prospective cohort study in China.Clin. Cardiol. 2018; 41: 314-320
- Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage: a prospective study.Neurology. 2019; 93: e445-e457
- Association of trajectory of cardiovascular health score and incident cardiovascular disease.JAMA network open. 2019; 2 (e194758)
- Chinese hypertension guidelines.Pulse (Basel, Switzerland). 2015; 3: 14-20
- Diabetes: now guidelines for Asian Americans.MLO: Med. Lab. Obs. 2015; 47: 25
- 2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults.J. Geriatr. Cardiol. : JGC. 2018; 15: 1-29
- Comparison of calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men using the traditional Friedewald and the novel martin-hopkins LDL-C equations.AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. 2020; 36(3): 176-179
- 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the heart failure society of America.J. Card. Fail. 2017; 23: 628-651
- Triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the causal pathway of cardiovascular disease.Am. J. Cardiol. 2016; 118: 138-145
- Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease.Lancet (London, England). 2014; 384: 626-635
- Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in young individuals.Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2018; 15: 230-240
- Myocardial infarction in young adults: risk factors, clinical characteristics and prognosis according to our experience.La Clinica terapeutica. 2013; 164: e77-82
- Risk factors, prognosis, and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in young adults in Poland.Kardiol. Pol. 2016; 74: 1148-1153
- Physical activity and anger or emotional upset as triggers of acute myocardial infarction: the INTERHEART study.Circulation. 2016; 134: 1059-1067
- Earlier intervention in the management of hypercholesterolemia: what are we waiting for?.J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2010; 56: 627-629
- Impact of lipids on cardiovascular health: JACC health promotion series.J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2018; 72: 1141-1156
- Lifestyle medicine and the management of cardiovascular disease.Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 2017; 19: 116
- Lifestyle and cardiovascular disease: more work to do.J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2017; 69: 1126-1128
- Shared risk factors for cardiovascular disease and cancer: implications for preventive health and clinical care in oncology patients.Can. J. Cardiol. 2016; 32: 900-907
- Shared risk factors in cardiovascular disease and cancer.Circulation. 2016; 133: 1104-1114
- Cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis: recent advances in reverse cholesterol transport.Ann. Hepatol. 2017; 16: s27-s42
Article Info
Publication History
Published online: April 02, 2020
Accepted:
March 27,
2020
Received in revised form:
February 22,
2020
Received:
November 6,
2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
